教育与心理统计学试卷

一、单项选择题（每题只有一个正确答案）

1. 编制分组次数分布表时需要计算的数据是（   ） A. 中位数 B. 全距 C. 平均数 D. 众数

2. 通常情况下，"真值" 渐近、最佳的估计值是（   ） A. 众数 B. 中数 C. 百分位数 D. 平均数

3. 下列关于符号秩次检验的说法，正确的是（  ） A. 符号秩次检验对差值数值的大小未能考虑 B. 符号秩次检验可以用于单样本中位数的非参数检验 C. 符号秩次检验没有考虑差值的符号 D. 符号秩次检验在所需的假设条件满足时其精度比符号检验低

4. 欲考察考生类型（应届 / 历届）与研究生录取（录取 / 不录取）的关系，应该用什么相关方法（   ） A. 点二列相关 B. 二列相关 C. Φ 相关 D. 四分相关

5. 利用百分位数的计算公式可以计算出任意分数在整个分数分布中所处的百分位置，称为该分数的（    ） A. 百分等级 B. 百分位差 C. 百分数 D. 百分比

6. 在负偏态中，下列数值最大的是（   ） A. 平均数 B. Q1 C. 众数 D. 中数

7. 有一组数据：4,7,3,5,14,4,8,5,6。在进行计算这组数据的平均数之前，剔除了极端值，剔除极端值之后该组的平均数是（   ） A. 6.22 B. 8.25 C. 7.25 D. 5.25

8. 数值 56 的精确上下限为 A. [55.5-56.49] B. [55.5-56.5] C. [55.49-56.49] D. [55.49-56.5]

9. 一组 N=20 的数据，其均值是 10，在这组数据中增添了一个数据，得到新的均值是 11，这个增添的数据值为（  ） A. 41 B. 21 C. 31 D. 51

10. 计算 9，4，7，8，6，8 这一组数据的方差（    ） A. 2.33 B. 2.99 C. 2.67 D. 3.33

11. 现有一列数据，它们是 5，7，6，3，5，5，4。这列数据的平均数、众数和全距依次是（   ） A. 4，5，3 B. 5，5，4 C. 4，5，4 D. 5，5，1

12. 在假设检验中，两类错误的关系是（  ） A. α+β 不一定等于 1 B. α+β=1 C. α=β D. α+β=1/2

13. 一组服从正态分布的数据，平均数为 60，标准差为 5，则 Z 值为－1.96 的原始数据是（  ） A. 50.2 B. 69.8 C. 47.4 D. 37.2

14. 某考生在一项测验中得分 67，经换算百分等级为 60，这表明在所有考生中，得分高于该考生的人数占总人数的（  ） A. 40% B. 30% C. 60% D. 70%

15. 有三个评委对八位学生的教育教学技能能力进行等级评价，要表示这些评价的相关程度，应选用（   ） A. 二列相关 B. 肯德尔 W 系数 C. 积差相关系数 D. 肯德尔 U 系数

16. 下列相关系数中表示两列变量间的相关强度最小的是（  ） A. 0.80 B. -0.40 C. 0.20 D. -0.60

17. 左图所示为某样本分布的概率分布图，左右临界值分别为 0.269 和 3.717，该分布属于（   ） A. 卡方分布 B. 正态分布 C. t 分布 D. F 分布

二、多项选择题（每题有多个正确答案，多选、少选、错选均不得分）

18. 下面观点正确的是（    ） A. 计数数据是根据顺序数据统计出来的 B. 比率数据可以转化为等距数据 C. 称名数据是测量水平最高的数据 D. 称名数据是计数数据

19. 关于等级相关下列表述正确的是（    ） A. 灵敏度比和准确度比积差相关好 B. 适用于等距变量和比率变量 C. 适用于顺序变量 D. 不要求样本所属总体为正态分布

20. 描述数据离中趋势的统计量有（    ） A. 百分位差 B. 平均差 C. 全距 D. 四分位差

21. 某研究者为了研究中学生自我价值感的特点，用自我价值感量表对几百名中学生进行了测试，要比较优生和差生的自我价值感是否有差异可用那种统计方法？ ( ) A. 相关样本 t 检验 B. 独立样本 t 检验 C. 卡方检验 D. 方差分析

22. 关于数据的不同类型，下面观点正确的是（   ） A. 计数数据是根据顺序数据统计出来的 B. 称名数据是计数数据 C. 比率数据可以转化为等距数据 D. 称名数据是测量水平最高的数据

23. 下列哪些是积差相关的适用条件（     ） A. 样本必须是正态分布 B. 必须是成对数据，并且不少于 30 C. 相关变量是连续数据 D. 变量之间的关系是线性的

24. 下列选项中属于线性回归的基本假设有（    ） A. 正态性假设 B. 误差等分散性假设 C. 独立性假设 D. 线性关系假设

三、判断题（正确的选 A，错误的选 B）

25. 在其他条件不变的情况下，α 和 β 不可能同时减小或者增大。 A. √ B. ×

26. 推断统计包括参数检验和区间估计。 A. √ B. ×

27. 方差分析可以用于两个平均数的差异检验。 A. √ B. ×

28. 在集中趋势量中，均值比中数更不容易受到抽样的影响。 A. √ B. ×

29. 百分等级分数是已知个体分数在次数分布中的位置，求其值。 A. √ B. ×

30. 条形图用于表示连续变量的次数分布。 A. √ B. ×

31. 某个体分数的 Z 分数为负，则其对应的百分等级分总是在 50 以下。 A. √ B. ×

32. 单因素随机区组设计的方差分析的变异源分解中，区组平方和来源于组间平方和。 A. √ B. ×

33. Spearman 等级相关是与积差相关相对应的非参数相关法。 A. √ B. ×

34. 正偏态分布中，三类集中量数的关系是均值 > 中数 > 众数。 A. √ B. ×

35. 圆形图和条形图功能完全相同，可以相互替代使用。 A. √ B. ×

36. 错误地接受了零假设，称犯了第二型错误 A. √ B. ×

37. 当两样本均值不同时，则应拒绝零假设。 A. √ B. ×

38. 在比较三组之间的均值差异时，可以用两两组合 t 检验的方法进行。 A. √ B. ×

四、名词解释

39. 推断统计

40. 集中量数

41. β 型错误

五、填空题

42. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\__无实际单位，是以平均数为参照点，以标准差为单位一个相对量。

43. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\__是为了探讨一个因变量和一个或多个自变量之间的关系。

44. 配合度检验主要用于检验单一变量的实际观察次数分布与\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\__是否有差别。

45. 完全随机设计的方差分析，就是对\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\__的方差分析。

46. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\__是一组数据的平方根，它不可以进行代数计算。

47. 当要同时计算两列以上的变量之间的相关系数时，应用加差法或者\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\__公式计算相关系数比较方便。

48. 方差分析主要处理多于\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\__个以上的平均数之间的差异检验问题。

49. 按照数据是否具有连续性，把数据划分为\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\__和连续数据。

50. 根据数据反映的测量水平，可把数据区分为称名数据、\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\、等距数据和比率数据四种类型。

51. 假设检验中的两类错误包括 Ⅰ 型错误与\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\。

52. 相关关系主要有三种：\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\、负相关、零相关。

53. 若曲线上支长，说明大数端各组次数偏少且组数较多，各组的次数变化小。因此称次数分布的这种情况为\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\。

54. 标准分数，又称基分数或者 Z 分数，是以标准差为单位表示一个原始分数在团体中所处位置的\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\。

六、简答题

55. 简述假设检验中两类错误的区别和联系

56. 简述回归分析法最小二乘法的思路

57. 简述相关分析和回归分析的区别和联系

七、计算题

58. GRE 考试数量部分的均分为 500 分，现在欲研究某个 GRE 强化课程的学习是否对该部分考试有效。随机选取了 40 名欲参加该课程的自愿者，结果他们的最终考试均分为 526，标准差为 90 分，试进行分析。

59. 请计算下图所示内容（图 8-1）

60. 从某地区的六岁儿童中随机抽取男生 30 人，平均身高为 2850px，抽取女生 27 人平均身高为 2812.5px。根据以往的资料，该地区六岁男童身高的标准差为 125px，女童身高的标准差为 162.5px，能否认为该地区男女儿童身高有显著差异。（α = 0.05）

61. 请计算下图所示内容（图 15-1）

八、方法辨析题

62. 某研究者欲研究学习动机和学习成绩之间的关系，用动机量表测得学生的学习动机，再用标准化学绩考试测得成绩，两组数据均可视为连续等距数据。如何分析？如果学生的成绩是教师的等级评定分，又应如何分析？

63. 调查了 100 名企业人员的吸烟行为，发现 70 名经理中有 15 人吸烟，另外 55 人不吸烟，而 30 名助理中，有 25 人吸烟，5 人不吸烟。问职业级别和是否吸烟之间有无联系？

64. 简述直方图与条形图的区别

中数 > 众数。\nA. √\nB. ×"}}},"folded":false,"comments":[],"revisions":[],"locked":false,"author":"7584206288972680154","align":""}},"HuAJfT6iodxyGIcNOU5gachlrno":{"id":"HuAJfT6iodxyGIcNOU5gachlrno","snapshot":{"parent_id":"T233dM4tdoOBdDxw9j9cc4eJnMg","comments":[],"hidden":false,"author":"7584206288972680154","children":[],"text":{"apool":{"nextNum":1,"numToAttrib":{"0":["author","7584206288972680154"]}},"initialAttributedTexts":{"attribs":{"0":"*0|2+t*0+4"},"text":{"0":"圆形图和条形图功能完全相同，可以相互替代使用。\nA. √\nB. ×"}}},"folded":false,"type":"ordered","revisions":[],"locked":false,"align":"","seq":"auto"}},"KBNZf12fudJS3gcrAEMdMZZ4k9l":{"id":"KBNZf12fudJS3gcrAEMdMZZ4k9l","snapshot":{"folded":false,"parent_id":"T233dM4tdoOBdDxw9j9cc4eJnMg","locked":false,"hidden":false,"author":"7584206288972680154","align":"","seq":"auto","type":"ordered","comments":[],"revisions":[],"children":[],"text":{"initialAttributedTexts":{"attribs":{"0":"*0|2+o*0+4"},"text":{"0":"错误地接受了零假设，称犯了第二型错误\nA. √\nB. 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